Tailwind CSS v4 utility-first styling patterns including responsive design, dark mode, and custom configuration. Use when styling with Tailwind, adding utility classes, configuring Tailwind, setting up dark mode, or customizing the theme.
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name: tailwindcss displayName: Tailwind CSS description: Tailwind CSS v4 utility-first styling patterns including responsive design, dark mode, and custom configuration. Use when styling with Tailwind, adding utility classes, configuring Tailwind, setting up dark mode, or customizing the theme. version: 1.0.0
Tailwind CSS v4 Development Guidelines
Best practices for using Tailwind CSS v4 utility classes effectively.
Note: Tailwind CSS v4 (released January 2025) uses a CSS-first configuration approach. If you need v3 compatibility, tailwind.config.js is still supported.
Core Principles
- Utility-First: Use utility classes instead of custom CSS
- Mobile-First: Design for mobile, then scale up with responsive modifiers
- Component Extraction: Extract repeated patterns into components
- Consistent Spacing: Use Tailwind's spacing scale
- Custom Configuration: Extend the default theme for brand consistency
Basic Utilities
Layout
// Flexbox
<div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
<div className="flex-1">Content</div>
<div className="flex-shrink-0">Sidebar</div>
</div>
// Grid
<div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-4">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
// Positioning
<div className="relative">
<div className="absolute top-0 right-0">Badge</div>
</div>
Spacing
// Padding and Margin
<div className="p-4 m-2"> {/* padding: 1rem, margin: 0.5rem */}
<div className="px-6 py-4"> {/* padding-x: 1.5rem, padding-y: 1rem */}
<div className="mt-8 mb-4"> {/* margin-top: 2rem, margin-bottom: 1rem */}
// Space between children
<div className="space-y-4"> {/* margin-bottom on all but last child */}
<div>Item 1</div>
<div>Item 2</div>
</div>
Typography
<h1 className="text-4xl font-bold text-gray-900">Heading</h1>
<p className="text-base font-normal text-gray-600 leading-relaxed">
Paragraph text with comfortable line height.
</p>
<span className="text-sm font-medium text-blue-600">Label</span>
Colors
// Text colors
<p className="text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">Text</p>
// Background colors
<div className="bg-blue-500 hover:bg-blue-600">Button</div>
// Border colors
<div className="border border-gray-300">Box</div>
Responsive Design
Breakpoints
// Mobile-first responsive classes
<div className="w-full md:w-1/2 lg:w-1/3">
{/* Full width on mobile, half on medium screens, third on large */}
</div>
<h1 className="text-2xl md:text-4xl lg:text-6xl">
{/* Responsive text sizes */}
</h1>
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-4">
{/* Responsive grid */}
</div>
Container
<div className="container mx-auto px-4">
{/* Centered container with horizontal padding */}
</div>
<div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
{/* Responsive container padding */}
</div>
Component Patterns
Button
<button className="px-4 py-2 bg-blue-600 text-white font-medium rounded-md hover:bg-blue-700 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:ring-offset-2 disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed transition-colors">
Click me
</button>
// Variants
<button className="px-4 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md hover:bg-gray-50">
Secondary
</button>
Card
<div className="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md overflow-hidden">
<img src="/image.jpg" alt="" className="w-full h-48 object-cover" />
<div className="p-6">
<h2 className="text-xl font-semibold mb-2">Card Title</h2>
<p className="text-gray-600">Card content goes here.</p>
</div>
</div>
Form Input
<div className="space-y-2">
<label htmlFor="email" className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700">
Email
</label>
<input
type="email"
id="email"
className="w-full px-3 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-md focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:border-transparent"
placeholder="you@example.com"
/>
<p className="text-sm text-gray-500">We'll never share your email.</p>
</div>
State Variants
Hover, Focus, Active
<button className="bg-blue-500 hover:bg-blue-600 active:bg-blue-700 focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500">
Interactive Button
</button>
<a href="#" className="text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-800 hover:underline">
Link
</a>
Group Hover
<div className="group">
<img src="/image.jpg" className="group-hover:opacity-75 transition-opacity" />
<p className="group-hover:text-blue-600">Hover the container</p>
</div>
Disabled
<button className="disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed" disabled>
Disabled Button
</button>
Dark Mode
/* Tailwind v4: Configure in app/globals.css */
@import "tailwindcss";
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
/* Or use class-based: .dark */
}
// Usage (same as v3)
<div className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-900 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100">
<h1 className="text-gray-900 dark:text-white">Title</h1>
<p className="text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400">Description</p>
</div>
Custom Styles
Arbitrary Values
<div className="top-[117px]"> {/* Custom top value */}
<div className="bg-[#1da1f2]"> {/* Custom color */}
<div className="grid-cols-[200px_1fr]"> {/* Custom grid template */}
@apply Directive
/* components/button.css */
.btn-primary {
@apply px-4 py-2 bg-blue-600 text-white font-medium rounded-md;
@apply hover:bg-blue-700 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500;
@apply disabled:opacity-50 disabled:cursor-not-allowed;
}
Configuration
Tailwind v4: CSS-First Configuration
/* app/globals.css */
@import "tailwindcss";
@theme {
/* Custom colors */
--color-brand-50: #eff6ff;
--color-brand-100: #dbeafe;
--color-brand-900: #1e3a8a;
/* Custom spacing */
--spacing-128: 32rem;
/* Custom fonts */
--font-family-sans: 'Inter', sans-serif;
/* Custom breakpoints */
--breakpoint-3xl: 1920px;
}
Tailwind v3 Config (Still Supported)
// tailwind.config.js (optional in v4)
module.exports = {
content: [
'./app/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx,mdx}',
'./components/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx,mdx}',
],
theme: {
extend: {
colors: {
brand: {
50: '#eff6ff',
100: '#dbeafe',
900: '#1e3a8a',
}
},
spacing: {
'128': '32rem',
},
fontFamily: {
sans: ['Inter', 'sans-serif'],
},
},
},
plugins: [
require('@tailwindcss/forms'),
require('@tailwindcss/typography'),
],
}
Plugins
Official Plugins
npm install @tailwindcss/forms
npm install @tailwindcss/typography
npm install @tailwindcss/aspect-ratio
npm install @tailwindcss/container-queries
// @tailwindcss/forms
<input type="text" className="form-input rounded-md" />
// @tailwindcss/typography
<article className="prose lg:prose-xl">
<h1>Article Title</h1>
<p>Content...</p>
</article>
Performance
Automatic Content Detection
Tailwind v4 automatically detects and scans all template files - no content configuration needed.
Build Performance
Tailwind v4 delivers 3.5x faster full builds (~100ms) compared to v3 using modern CSS features like @property and color-mix().
Browser Requirements: Safari 16.4+, Chrome 111+, Firefox 128+
Common Patterns
Centered Content
<div className="flex items-center justify-center min-h-screen">
<div>Centered content</div>
</div>
Sticky Header
<header className="sticky top-0 z-50 bg-white border-b">
<nav>Navigation</nav>
</header>
Grid Layout
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
{posts.map(post => (
<PostCard key={post.id} post={post} />
))}
</div>
Truncate Text
<p className="truncate">This text will be truncated with ellipsis if too long</p>
<p className="line-clamp-3">This text will show max 3 lines with ellipsis</p>
Best Practices
- Use Consistent Spacing: Stick to Tailwind's spacing scale
- Responsive by Default: Always consider mobile-first design
- Extract Components: Avoid repeating long class lists
- Use Theme Colors: Define custom colors in config, not arbitrary values
- Leverage @apply Sparingly: Prefer utility classes in JSX
- Enable Dark Mode: Plan for dark mode from the start
- Use Plugins: Leverage official plugins for common needs
- Optimize Production: Ensure purge is configured correctly
Additional Resources
For detailed information, see:
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